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Cartesi(CTSI)

Cartesi is a Layer 2 scaling solution designed to streamline the creation of decentralized applications (dApps) across various blockchains. As some blockchains grapple with scaling challenges leading to network congestion and high fees, Cartesi addresses scalability concerns through multiple approaches:

Blockchain Agnostic: Cartesi's dApp platform is not tied to a single blockchain but can be applied to various blockchains like Ethereum and Injective Protocol, ensuring compatibility and flexibility.

Hybrid Model: By integrating both on-chain and off-chain elements, Cartesi offers a hybrid model that grants dApp developers versatility in their design and execution.

User-Friendly Development: A standout feature of Cartesi is its support for coding languages familiar to developers, such as Python, enabling the creation of smart contracts without the need to learn new languages.

The Cartesi cryptocurrency (CTSI) serves as a versatile token that drives the Cartesi Proof of Stake network. It primarily functions as an incentive for Cartesi node operators to participate honestly within the system. Moreover, CTSI is utilized for staking purposes and to cover transaction fees within the network.

Founders

Established in 2018, Cartesi was co-founded by Augusto Teixeira, Erick de Moura, Diego Nehab, and Colin Steil. Initially conceptualized as a trustless marketplace for artificial intelligence, Cartesi underwent a transformation into a Layer 2 initiative focused on addressing the scalability and infrastructure challenges of blockchain technology.

The project's leadership team, consisting of Teixeira, de Moura, Nehab, and Steil, boasts a blend of expertise in software development and the startup sector. De Moura, in particular, serves as the CEO of Cartesi.

In April 2020, Cartesi initiated an initial coin offering (ICO), putting up 100 million CTSI tokens for sale. This ICO successfully raised $1.5 million, contributing to the funding of the project's endeavors.

What makes it unique?

Cartesi introduces a streamlined approach to blockchain technology's software development process through a combination of on-chain transactions and off-chain computations.

At the core of Cartesi's strategy are two pivotal components: the Cartesi Machine and Noether.

The Cartesi Machine serves as a Linux-based virtual machine, operated by Cartesi nodes. This machine carries out dApp computations off-chain and subsequently broadcasts the computation results to the blockchain. Operating within a Linux environment allows developers to write dApps using widely adopted programming languages.

Noether, Cartesi's sidechain, operates as a data availability oracle. It temporarily records and stores data that has short-term relevance, optimizing storage space and generating long-term efficiencies for the blockchain.

Regarding on-chain elements, the state of a Cartesi Machine and its corresponding dApps is captured by a cryptographic hash on the blockchain. This hash encompasses the initial and final states of off-chain dApp functions, ensuring transparency and integrity throughout the off-chain network.

Cartesi employs its variation of optimistic rollups, a scaling solution, for communication with blockchains. This solution conducts transactions off-chain and then publishes transaction data to the main blockchain. This approach maintains Cartesi's commitment to decentralized and verifiable dApps while enhancing the network's scalability.

CTSI functions as the native cryptocurrency driving the Cartesi network and can be utilized for staking within Cartesi's Proof of Stake consensus mechanism. By staking, token holders can reap rewards for their contribution to network security. Additionally, CTSI serves as the currency for covering fees in interactions with the Noether side chain.

The CTSI token plays a pivotal role in ensuring the accurate execution of dApps while deterring malicious actors, thereby enhancing the security of the Cartesi network.

Similar to various other cryptocurrencies, CTSI comes with a capped total supply, indicating that the count of CTSI tokens will forever remain at 1 billion.

Network security

Cartesi employs the concept of layer 2 optimistic rollup, utilizing the security and stability of the underlying blockchain.

Rollups execute transactions outside the layer 1 chain but log transaction data on the base layer, inheriting the base layer's security attributes.

For enhanced processing speed, Cartesi aggregates transactions into batches before submission to the underlying blockchain.

A fraud-proof mechanism is employed to scrutinize transactions solely when suspicion of fraud arises, optimizing throughput while maintaining robust security.

Working Mechanism

Cartesi Machines enable decentralized applications (DApps) to harness off-chain computational capabilities, preserving blockchain security guarantees.

Users of Cartesi can perform substantial portions of transactions off-chain, leading to reduced transaction costs.

The Linux Virtual Machine facilitates the transfer of computationally intensive tasks to an economical sidechain network, with data subsequently verified on the blockchain for consensus.

Cartesi capitalizes on the security attributes of diverse blockchains, like Ethereum, to ensure the verifiability and enforceability of transactions on-chain.

Cartesi provides developers with an array of privacy options, allowing sensitive data to be securely encrypted.

Recent developments

Cartesi presents a significant advancement for web3 use cases, particularly evident in its potential impact on gaming. The transformative capabilities of Cartesi in the realm of web3 gaming are considerable, offering a distinct departure from the current landscape of games.

Traditional web3 games, like Neopets, pale in comparison to the likes of AAA titles such as God of War. The limitations of web3 gaming can be attributed to two primary challenges:

Limited Processing Power: The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) struggles with graphics rendering, real-time interactive gameplay, and other complex gaming features. The EVM's constraints lead to longer waiting times for transactions due to blockchain coordination, resulting in less engaging gameplay.

Limited Tools: The EVM, tailored for smart contracts, lacks the versatility to serve as a comprehensive game engine. This impedes game developers who rely on established libraries and frameworks for conventional games.

To address these limitations, Cartesi offers innovative solutions:

Cartesi Rollups: Cartesi implements app-specific rollups, allowing game developers to offload resource-intensive computations from the EVM to external processors. This approach frees the EVM for asset settlement, dispute resolution, and more, while the complex calculations occur off-chain.

Cartesi Virtual Machine: Cartesi introduces a RISC-V runtime environment that operates on the Linux OS, connecting to Cartesi Rollups. Game developers can leverage familiar programming languages and open-source tools to craft web3 games that maintain the power and tools of traditional games.

The proof of concept, refactoring the classic DOOM game for web3, demonstrates the viability of Cartesi's approach. Web3 DOOM showcases the potential to incorporate verifiability, asset ownership, and the benefits of web3 into game development. This is just the beginning; Cartesi's solutions are being applied to various games, ranging from classic to innovative, paving the way for a new era in game development in the web3 space.

Future developments 

coming soon....